Description: Photograph of employees of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) building a platform on the north lookout at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E4_008
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) work on the ravine at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E4_009
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph taken by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) during work at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E8_007
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of an employee of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the ravine at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Written on the back of the print is the name E.C. Zepp, likely referring to Erwin C. Zepp who at the time served as Assistant Curator of State Memorials for the Ohio Historical Society, and later served as the organization's director from 1947-1964. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E4_007
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of an employee of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the ravine at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E4_006
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Photograph of Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) work on the ravine at Fort Ancient. Part of President Roosevelt's New Deal program, the CCC was formed to help preserve public land in the United States while also helping unemployed young men of the time. The program was in existence from 1933 until 1942. Fort Ancient Earthworks and Nature Preserve is located on the Little Miami River in Warren County, Ohio. The earthwork encloses 100 acres and is delineated by nearly 3.5 miles of earthen walls punctuated by 67 irregularly spaced gaps or gateways. Rather than an immense defensive location, current thinking maintains that it is actually a ceremonial precinct with astronomical alignments incorporated into its design. The site is subdivided into North and South Forts connected by a causeway-like Middle Fort. Fort Ancient was constructed in phases by the Hopewell culture between 100 B.C. and A.D. 400. Centuries later the South Fort was re-occupied by a different American Indian culture, themselves referred to as the Fort Ancient people. This inconsistency in names quickly became a source of confusion among students of Ohio archaeology and remains so to the present day. Fort Ancient was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1966. In 2008 it was included as one of seven Hopewell Ceremonial Earthwork sites in Ohio under consideration as a UNESCO World Heritage Site. The site also features hiking trails, a picnic area and a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AV17_B02F02_E4_010
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.);
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: This photograph shows Civilian Conservation Corps workers at Fort Ancient in 1934. The Fort Ancient Earthworks are a series of earthen embankments that extend for more than three and one half miles around a high bluff along the Little Miami River in southwestern Ohio. Although it is called a "fort," it probably never served as a defensive work. Ditches are located inside the walls rather than outside as might be expected in a fortification. There are more than 60 gateways in the walls, making it difficult to defend the site against enemies. The Hopewell culture (100 B.C. to 500 A. D.) of prehistoric American Indian people constructed the earthworks. Later native residents built a village and a cemetery within the walls of the already ancient South Fort. Archaeologists mistakenly assumed that these villagers had built the earthen walls. It was called the Fort Ancient culture (1000 A.D. to 1650 A.D.) after the name of the site. This mistake has caused confusion for later students of Ohio archaeology. Recent excavations at Fort Ancient have discovered the remains of Hopewell culture houses and ceremonial features both inside and outside of the enclosure walls. It is not known whether the houses located inside the enclosure were occupied before or after the enclosure was built. It also has yet to be determined whether the houses were the dwellings of more or less full time residents, or the temporary shelters of visitors. The Fort Ancient Earthworks is an Ohio Historical Society site open to visitation. It is located seven miles southeast of Lebanon, in Warren County, Ohio. In addition to the earthworks, the site features a museum with interpretive exhibits about Ohio's ancient past. The Fort Ancient Earthworks site also is a National Historic Landmark. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL04698
Subjects: Fort Ancient (Ohio); Fort Ancient Culture (A.D. 1000–1650); Earthworks (Archaeology); Hopewell Culture (A.D. 1-400) (A.D. 1–400); State parks & reserves; Mounds--Ohio--Warren County; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.)
Places: Warren County (Ohio)
 

Description: Civilian Conservation Corps built this highway, south of Jelloway in Knox County. It was funded by the Works Progress Administration in Ohio ca. 1930-1939. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: AL00447
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); Other--Federal Government
Places: Jelloway (Ohio); Knox County (Ohio)
 

Description: Built by the Civilian Conservation Corps (the CCC) in the 1930s, historic Virginia Kendall Park was originally a part of the Akron Metropolitan Park District. These seven photographs show the park in its early stages. The first is of the construction of the combination shelter house and caretaker's dwelling. The second is the lake, pier, and bathhouse at the waterfront. The next four show the completed combination shelter house in June of 1936. The final image is of the stone steps along a foot trail in the winter of 1937-1938. The 1,574 acres of Virginia Kendall came under the management of the National Park Service, as a part of the Cuyahoga Valley National Park, on New Year's Day in 1978. The first two photographs measure approximately 5.75 by 3.75 inches (14.61 by 9.53 cm). The next four measure approximately 4.5 by 3.5 inches (11.43 by 8.89 cm), and the seventh measures approximately 3.25 by 5 inches (8.26 by 12.70 cm). The United States Congress established the Civilian Conservation Corps in 1933 as a part of President Franklin D. Roosevelt's New Deal program. For unemployed young men, the CCC supplied work and administered vocational training through the development and preservation of America's natural resources. By 1935, at the height of the program, there were over 500,000 members and more than 2,600 camps across every state in the nation, including 110 in Ohio. As a result of World War II and the need for more resources to go toward national defense projects, Congress terminated the CCC in 1942 against President Roosevelt's wishes. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: Om3391_6642921_001
Subjects: Geography and Natural Resources; Daily Life; Agriculture; State parks & reserves; Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939
Places: Akron (Ohio); Summit County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photograph of the completed footbridges. Design and estimate of costs for two timber footbridges near the shelter building were approved for construction on September 14, 1934. Work on the project started a few days later. Stone and timber were obtained within a mile from the site. Abutment stones were laid in cement mortar. Timber was treated with weather beaten brown creosote stain. Both bridges were completed October 31, 1934. This photo was included as Project No. 47a, Bridges - Foot, in F.E. Whitehouse's (camp superintendent) completion report for December 1934 at Fort Hill State Park. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: 3076_89_15_f47a_06
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939; Fort Hill State Memorial (Ohio); Footbridges
Places: Hillsboro (Ohio); Highland County (Ohio)
 

Description: Workmen construct forms for the men's toilet foundations. The photo was taken as part of Project No. 24, Public Campground Latrines. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: 3076_89_11_sep34_b9_14
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939; Fort Hill State Memorial (Ohio); Outhouses; Building
Places: Hillsboro (Ohio); Highland County (Ohio)
 

Description: A photo of a group of young men opening an old road up Butler Hill as a firebreak and as access to the stone quarry. An old road was opened and cleared in trade for permission to obtain stone out from an old quarry that was on the State Forestry Department's property. This photo was taken in connection to Project No. 3, Reduction of fire hazard. View on Ohio Memory.
Image ID: 3076_89_11_aug34_b8_02
Subjects: Civilian Conservation Corps (U.S.); New Deal, 1933-1939; Fort Hill State Memorial (Ohio); Road construction
Places: Hillsboro (Ohio); Highland County (Ohio)